-Julio A.Amorín
And which those of the Marsh were they?
1 - the first roads
? The Marine Road: the more used and old road that had the Marsh of Zapata to communicate was with you pierce them coastal of Jagua (Cienfuegos), Batabanó, Beach The Caimito, south of Havana, and other places.
The aboriginal ones were the first ones in navigating with their flimsy crafts for all the long of the extensive coast cenaguero 175 kilometers of longitude, thousands of years behind.
Then, among 1530-1830 the brigs with flag pirate furrowed the Bay of Pigs in several addresses.
Also the galleys with enslaved human load, arrived from the distant África to the coast of the Marsh of Zapata in 1853, 1854, 1859 and 1864, to discharge hundred of black slaves that augmented the endowments of several geniuses located along the coastal one or north slope of the Cuenca.
When the Marsh became a "Manigua Redentora" during the three Liberal Wars of the XIX Century, several expeditions were planned from the emigration, although they never took place.
Lastly, starting from the great Hispanic immigration to the territory, taken place among the years 1904-1927, a great peak of the took place "Forest Industry" and for ende, the marine road reached its maximum splendor next to the three railroads that crossed the Marsh of Zapata.
For the carried out investigations and the material evidences that can still be observed in the reef or "dog tooth" in the part oriental center of the coast cenaguero, 22 piers can be counted from Good fortune until "Headlands", it shows fehaciente that this communication road was very used completing a strictly economic motive first (forest products), certainly, the balandros, schooners and bongos were also taken advantage of or "tobaccos" that facilitated to move to the inhabitants of these homes toward Cienfuegos, Batabanó, and Beach from the Caimito to the south of Havana at the mercy of the winds.
Several sick people died while waiting for that those crafts loaded the vegetable coal or other products of the forests and there was also several that perished in the marine voyage.
? The Dune or Mégano: On the way to sand skirting the coast from the Castle of Jagua (Cienfuegos) until Cazones, western coast of the Bay of Pigs.
It should be the first one and more used by those adventurers, buccaneers and corraleros that you/they preferred the advantages that it provides the extensive coast, coastal manigua and forests, for the upbringing of pigs and of more livestock starting from the second half of the XVI century.
Later, when for Real date Order May 20 1829 were granted the title from Villa to Cienfuegos and it is part of their jurisdiction the Marsh, as a rural neighborhood of the "Perla of the South", it charged bigger importance the Mégano it not stops alone to take out the livestock toward the important one it pierces coastal, but also to carry the wood for their navy and for other prosecution establishments like aserríos and carpentries.
Many residents longevos still today, they count the incidents and displeasures that should support with a barrow with sick or parturienta on the shoulders walking for the Mégano heading for Jagua, to look for the vital medical attendance that here in the marsh it lacked always before 1959.
We have also known through the oral history that he/she always lives and it should be looked for with urgency in the town that for the decade of 1950 a traveled for the Mégano "pisicorre" Chevrolet marks, driven by the intrepid Felipe Palmero and Joseito. Such a vehicle belonged to passengers and it covered the distance among the Castle of Jagua until Tip Partridge; the chauffeurs spent the night in the House of the Cañellas and on the following day they carried out the journey to the inverse one, needing approximately six hours to conquer that distance in a single address. The trips were carried out twice a week: Monday to Tuesday and Friday to Saturday.
? Some traverse sidewalks of north to south: that to traffic for them, it should be made on foot, with the water and mire almost to the waist, besides having other obstacles like cortadera, lianas, casimbas and some that another numb crocodile.
They were made and settled down first by the aboriginal ones for approximately 3000 years. Then they continued walking the traffickers of brought human beings of África over there and for the own black slaves that chained they were forced to walk for those serpentine sidewalks until the slope or coastal north, where they were sold as beasts. Later and as virile answer to the inhuman slavery, black rebellious, converted in wild, they trafficked for those roads again, now, with the objective of receiving the vital protection and help of the Great Marsh of Zapata. Those beings of black color, became mambises then and they transmitted them their topographical experiences to the good ones Cuban that made of the forests cenagueros a "manigua redentora" during the three Liberal Gestes of the XIX Century. Already determined those primary roads, served them from access roads to the Humedal to the most renowned highwaymen in the colonial period as Carlos Omen Fundora, José Álvarez Arteaga (Matagás), Regino Alfonso and the siblings Desiderio Matos (blind matos) and Bernardo; they also allowed the access to scientific and investigators to make certain studies on the flora and fauna; to the Enumerador of Population's Census and Housing of 1899 Sixto Agramonte; to the hunters of crocodiles; and to the famous engineer-historian Juan Antonio Cosculluela Barrier.
Those primitive communication roads that crossed of south to north and vice versa the formerly dark Marsh of Zapata, they had to go into obligadamente in the thickness of the primary forests, of marsh, in the herbazal and in the waterlogged savanna almost perpetually where the treacherous casimba, the cortadera and the liana "it tires old" they watched, in the same way that you/they made it the numerous crocodiles in their habitat.
They, generally, took names of places and natural elements for where they happened, being the cases of:
• Babiney-I Pass of the Güiros-The Corner - Kitchen knife of Guasasa - Guasasa-Dune.
• Tip San Isidro-Tip of the Sinú-Santa Teresa-Bay of the Independence.
• Yaguaramas-I Pass of the Güiros-San Blas-Burnt Júcaro.
• Tip of San Isidro-the Turkeys-Santa Teresa-Molina-The Majagua-Sábalo of the Jiquí-Jiquí.
• Juraguá-Bartolina-Mégano (Dune)-I Walk Real of the Marsh-Sacred Tomás-Sacred Christ of the Maneaderos.
• Mijalito-Big Key-Crocodile-Dune.
• Others.
FINAL OF THE SECOND PART. It will continue...
And which those of the Marsh were they?
1 - the first roads
? The Marine Road: the more used and old road that had the Marsh of Zapata to communicate was with you pierce them coastal of Jagua (Cienfuegos), Batabanó, Beach The Caimito, south of Havana, and other places.
The aboriginal ones were the first ones in navigating with their flimsy crafts for all the long of the extensive coast cenaguero 175 kilometers of longitude, thousands of years behind.
Then, among 1530-1830 the brigs with flag pirate furrowed the Bay of Pigs in several addresses.
Also the galleys with enslaved human load, arrived from the distant África to the coast of the Marsh of Zapata in 1853, 1854, 1859 and 1864, to discharge hundred of black slaves that augmented the endowments of several geniuses located along the coastal one or north slope of the Cuenca.
When the Marsh became a "Manigua Redentora" during the three Liberal Wars of the XIX Century, several expeditions were planned from the emigration, although they never took place.
Lastly, starting from the great Hispanic immigration to the territory, taken place among the years 1904-1927, a great peak of the took place "Forest Industry" and for ende, the marine road reached its maximum splendor next to the three railroads that crossed the Marsh of Zapata.
For the carried out investigations and the material evidences that can still be observed in the reef or "dog tooth" in the part oriental center of the coast cenaguero, 22 piers can be counted from Good fortune until "Headlands", it shows fehaciente that this communication road was very used completing a strictly economic motive first (forest products), certainly, the balandros, schooners and bongos were also taken advantage of or "tobaccos" that facilitated to move to the inhabitants of these homes toward Cienfuegos, Batabanó, and Beach from the Caimito to the south of Havana at the mercy of the winds.
Several sick people died while waiting for that those crafts loaded the vegetable coal or other products of the forests and there was also several that perished in the marine voyage.
? The Dune or Mégano: On the way to sand skirting the coast from the Castle of Jagua (Cienfuegos) until Cazones, western coast of the Bay of Pigs.
It should be the first one and more used by those adventurers, buccaneers and corraleros that you/they preferred the advantages that it provides the extensive coast, coastal manigua and forests, for the upbringing of pigs and of more livestock starting from the second half of the XVI century.
Later, when for Real date Order May 20 1829 were granted the title from Villa to Cienfuegos and it is part of their jurisdiction the Marsh, as a rural neighborhood of the "Perla of the South", it charged bigger importance the Mégano it not stops alone to take out the livestock toward the important one it pierces coastal, but also to carry the wood for their navy and for other prosecution establishments like aserríos and carpentries.
Many residents longevos still today, they count the incidents and displeasures that should support with a barrow with sick or parturienta on the shoulders walking for the Mégano heading for Jagua, to look for the vital medical attendance that here in the marsh it lacked always before 1959.
We have also known through the oral history that he/she always lives and it should be looked for with urgency in the town that for the decade of 1950 a traveled for the Mégano "pisicorre" Chevrolet marks, driven by the intrepid Felipe Palmero and Joseito. Such a vehicle belonged to passengers and it covered the distance among the Castle of Jagua until Tip Partridge; the chauffeurs spent the night in the House of the Cañellas and on the following day they carried out the journey to the inverse one, needing approximately six hours to conquer that distance in a single address. The trips were carried out twice a week: Monday to Tuesday and Friday to Saturday.
? Some traverse sidewalks of north to south: that to traffic for them, it should be made on foot, with the water and mire almost to the waist, besides having other obstacles like cortadera, lianas, casimbas and some that another numb crocodile.
They were made and settled down first by the aboriginal ones for approximately 3000 years. Then they continued walking the traffickers of brought human beings of África over there and for the own black slaves that chained they were forced to walk for those serpentine sidewalks until the slope or coastal north, where they were sold as beasts. Later and as virile answer to the inhuman slavery, black rebellious, converted in wild, they trafficked for those roads again, now, with the objective of receiving the vital protection and help of the Great Marsh of Zapata. Those beings of black color, became mambises then and they transmitted them their topographical experiences to the good ones Cuban that made of the forests cenagueros a "manigua redentora" during the three Liberal Gestes of the XIX Century. Already determined those primary roads, served them from access roads to the Humedal to the most renowned highwaymen in the colonial period as Carlos Omen Fundora, José Álvarez Arteaga (Matagás), Regino Alfonso and the siblings Desiderio Matos (blind matos) and Bernardo; they also allowed the access to scientific and investigators to make certain studies on the flora and fauna; to the Enumerador of Population's Census and Housing of 1899 Sixto Agramonte; to the hunters of crocodiles; and to the famous engineer-historian Juan Antonio Cosculluela Barrier.
Those primitive communication roads that crossed of south to north and vice versa the formerly dark Marsh of Zapata, they had to go into obligadamente in the thickness of the primary forests, of marsh, in the herbazal and in the waterlogged savanna almost perpetually where the treacherous casimba, the cortadera and the liana "it tires old" they watched, in the same way that you/they made it the numerous crocodiles in their habitat.
They, generally, took names of places and natural elements for where they happened, being the cases of:
• Babiney-I Pass of the Güiros-The Corner - Kitchen knife of Guasasa - Guasasa-Dune.
• Tip San Isidro-Tip of the Sinú-Santa Teresa-Bay of the Independence.
• Yaguaramas-I Pass of the Güiros-San Blas-Burnt Júcaro.
• Tip of San Isidro-the Turkeys-Santa Teresa-Molina-The Majagua-Sábalo of the Jiquí-Jiquí.
• Juraguá-Bartolina-Mégano (Dune)-I Walk Real of the Marsh-Sacred Tomás-Sacred Christ of the Maneaderos.
• Mijalito-Big Key-Crocodile-Dune.
• Others.
FINAL OF THE SECOND PART. It will continue...
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